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        <h2 id="6-函数基础"><a href="#6-函数基础" class="headerlink" title="6.函数基础"></a>6.函数基础</h2><h4 id="1-python高阶方法"><a href="#1-python高阶方法" class="headerlink" title="1.python高阶方法"></a>1.python高阶方法</h4><pre><code>##### map函数:依次将function函数作用在可迭代对象的每一个值上，结果返回一个迭代器</code></pre>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">function</span>():</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> x*x</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func = <span class="built_in">map</span>(function,[<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">3</span>,<span class="number">4</span>,<span class="number">5</span>,<span class="number">6</span>,<span class="number">7</span>,<span class="number">8</span>,<span class="number">9</span>])</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 我们无法直接拿到迭代器的结果，所以需要用tuple或list强转类型拿到结果</span></span><br><span class="line">print(<span class="built_in">list</span>(func))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 返回结果：[1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81]</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h5 id="filter函数-该函数需要接收函数和序列作为参数使用，将序列每个值都交给定义函数的方法计算，返回结果为True则保留到迭代器中"><a href="#filter函数-该函数需要接收函数和序列作为参数使用，将序列每个值都交给定义函数的方法计算，返回结果为True则保留到迭代器中" class="headerlink" title="filter函数:该函数需要接收函数和序列作为参数使用，将序列每个值都交给定义函数的方法计算，返回结果为True则保留到迭代器中"></a>filter函数:该函数需要接收函数和序列作为参数使用，将序列每个值都交给定义函数的方法计算，返回结果为True则保留到迭代器中</h5><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">function</span>(<span class="params">num</span>):</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> num % <span class="number">2</span> == <span class="number">0</span>	<span class="comment"># 该函数判断参数是否为偶数</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func = <span class="built_in">filter</span>(function,[<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">3</span>,<span class="number">4</span>,<span class="number">5</span>])</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 我们无法直接拿到迭代器的结果，所以需要用tuple或list强转类型拿到结果</span></span><br><span class="line">print(<span class="built_in">list</span>(func))</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 返回结果：[2,4]</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h5 id="reduce函数-主要将接收的序列用作累计运算，函数接收序列前两个数第一次运算的结果作为下一次的结果第一个数，依次类推。"><a href="#reduce函数-主要将接收的序列用作累计运算，函数接收序列前两个数第一次运算的结果作为下一次的结果第一个数，依次类推。" class="headerlink" title="reduce函数:主要将接收的序列用作累计运算，函数接收序列前两个数第一次运算的结果作为下一次的结果第一个数，依次类推。"></a>reduce函数:主要将接收的序列用作累计运算，函数接收序列前两个数第一次运算的结果作为下一次的结果第一个数，依次类推。</h5><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">function</span>(<span class="params">num1,num2</span>):</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> num1+num2</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func = reduce(function,[<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">3</span>,<span class="number">4</span>,<span class="number">5</span>])</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 结果返回为一个累计计算的结果</span></span><br><span class="line">print(func)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 返回结果15</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h5 id="sorted函数-对可迭代对象进行排序"><a href="#sorted函数-对可迭代对象进行排序" class="headerlink" title="sorted函数:对可迭代对象进行排序"></a>sorted函数:对可迭代对象进行排序</h5><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">print(<span class="built_in">sorted</span>([<span class="number">36</span>,<span class="number">5</span>,-<span class="number">12</span>,<span class="number">9</span>,-<span class="number">21</span>]),reverse=<span class="literal">True</span>)	<span class="comment"># reverse对结果进行逆置，默认为Flask升序</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># keys=abs</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 可对绝对值进行排序</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="2-lambda表达式及其跳转表您懂吗？"><a href="#2-lambda表达式及其跳转表您懂吗？" class="headerlink" title="2.lambda表达式及其跳转表您懂吗？"></a>2.lambda表达式及其跳转表您懂吗？</h4><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">lambda</span> 指定参数:指定参数用法</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="3-不定长参数"><a href="#3-不定长参数" class="headerlink" title="3.不定长参数"></a>3.不定长参数</h4><p>*args接收单个参数，接收后存为元祖</p>
<p>**kwargs接收以键值对形式的参数，接收后存为字典</p>
<h4 id="4-您知道pass吗？"><a href="#4-您知道pass吗？" class="headerlink" title="4.您知道pass吗？"></a>4.您知道pass吗？</h4><p>pass就是空语句，可以当做占位符</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">function</span>():</span>	<span class="comment"># 如果直接写一个空函数，程序会报异常</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">pass</span>		<span class="comment"># 使用pass占位后就可以正常运行</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="5-global和nonlocal的作用"><a href="#5-global和nonlocal的作用" class="headerlink" title="5.global和nonlocal的作用"></a>5.global和nonlocal的作用</h4><p>global:定义全局变量，可以全局使用</p>
<p>nonlocal:局部变量，只能在嵌套函数中使用</p>

      
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